QUALITY : Defenition
In manufacturing, a measure of excellence or a state of being free from defects, deficiencies, and significant variations, brought about by the strict and consistent adherence to measurable and verifiable standards to achieve uniformity of output that satisfies specific customer or user requirements. ISO 8402-1986 standard defines quality as "the totality offeatures and characteristics of a product or service that bears its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs."
SPINNING DEFECTS
BULLETS :Zero twisted or low twisted Double Yarn.
BOTTOMS :Yarn left over on the surface of the cop or cheeseafter winding.
CORK SCREW : One yarn is straight and other one is twisted on it.
COUNT VARIATION : There is difference in count compared to requiredcount.
3/4 FOLD YARN : Yarn containing 3 or 4 fold yarn.
GRIANDRILLE BAR : Use of wrong component in double yarn.
NEPS :Pinhead structure like fibre mass.
SLUBS :Abnormal thick places over a short length.
SPUN IN LINT : Accumulated fly twisted with the yarn.
THICK END : Diameter is more than the normal yarn.
THICK PICK : Diameter is more than the normal yarn.
TWIST VARIATION : Less Twist or more than normal twist.
YARN MIXING : Mix up of different colour, count; twist direction,blend and shade.
KNOTS :Joint of broken thread.
OILY YARN : Oil stained yarn.
BAD SPLICING : Improper knot less joint.
WEAVING DEFECTS
BROKEN END : Broken warp end, after warp breaks loom doesn't stop immediately it runs 2 to 3 Picks or some time more than this without warp end.
BROKEN PICK : Weft way gap in fabric 5'' to 6'' long at Both side end of the fabric .
DOBBY MISTAKE : Defects like shaft hold, design cut, wrong colour selection that is related to dobby, called dobby mistake.
DEFECTIVE SELVEDGE : Tails out, Warp selvedge, Loops, Uneven, Under tuck in, Over tuck in, defect in monogram, curly selvedge are classified as defective selvedge.
EMERY CUTS : Fabric cuts (Holes) due to emery.
FLOATS :Floats are two types. Warp & Weft float. Length of the warp or weft, which is not woven as per the fabric design, floats on the fabric 2 to 3 pick long at face or back.
LOOSE END : Because of less tension on particular warp end, which will be classified as loose end.
LOOSE PICK : Less weft tension causes loose pick. The effect like stitches or weft loops observed on fabric.
LET OFF BAR : Irregular pick density in fabric but not at equal interval.
REED MARK : Warp way gap on the fabric, which is caused due to reed (Mostly occurs due to damaged reed).
SHAFT HOLD : Wrong lifting of healed shafts, or healed shafts are not lifted as per fabric design shafts are operated by dobby.
STARTING MARK : Uneven pick density observed on fabric when machine starts after attending warp breaks or weft breaks or any other reason called starting mark.
SECTION MARKS : Section wise mark on fabric due to overlapping of sections during warping.
TIGHT END : High tension on particular warp end compared to other warp end.
TEMPLE MARK : Mark on fabric, which is caused due to jamming of temple rings Or ring spikes are blunt.
WRONG DRAWING : Wrong drawing of warp end, which is not as per healding sheet or draft.
WRONG DENTING : Denting order is given on draft or on piece ticket. If we miss that order while drawing or denting the ends through reed i.e. called wrong denting.
WRONG END : 'S' 'Z' - In warp and weft pattern 'S' twisted & 'Z' twisted ends are there. If we warp 'Z' twisted yarn in place of 'S' twisted yarn it is called wrong end 'S' 'Z'.
WRONG END COLOUR : In warp & weft different shades are used and its sequence is given on piece ticket, if we miss that sequence then fault like wrong end colour will occur.
SLOUGH OFF : Bunches of weft woven on fabric called slough off, mostly cause due to soft weft packages.
LOOM STAIN : Greasy or oily or black dark stain that is observed in grey perch.
PATTERN MISTAKE : In some qualities warp pattern is printed on piece ticket and warping is carried out as per pattern. If warper makes mistake while creeling then fabric will be woven with wrong pattern called pattern mistake.
WRONG STARTING POINT : In dobby design, lifting order is given while making dobby card. Instead of 1st pick we start to punch from 2nd pick then fabric produced will be called wrong starting point.
LOOM DAMAGE : While weaving fabric torn due to some reasons called loom damage.
WAX STREAKS : Waxing is done during beaming to reduce hairiness & warp breakage. Because of excess waxing warp way & weft way, wax bands observed on fabric called wax streaks.
FILAMENTATION : In few qualities filament warp and weft used. While weaving due to abrasion, filaments of warp yarn gets open as it appears on fabric called Filamentation.
FLOATING END : Single end continuously floating on the fabric.
MISSING PICK : After weft break, if weaver starts the machine without reversing the machine by one pick, defect observed as missing pick.
MISSING END : One warp end is missing in the fabric.
WRONG NAME SELVEDGE. : There are different name wording for name selvedges required as per quality numbers. If woven fabric contains any other name rather than printed name on piece ticket called wrong name selvedge.
BROAD / UNEVEN SELVEDGE.: Tail of weft comes in fabric after tuck-in and more than 15 mm tuck in width called broad Selvedge and some places width of the selvedge varies called uneven selvedge.
FLOATING SELVEDGE : Monogram Viscose end in name selvedge floats instead of binding called Floating selvedge.
BAD TUCK-IN : Tail of weft protrudes on face or back of the selvedge called Bad tuck-in.
DYEING DEFECTS
COLOUR STAIN : Type of a stain occurring on the fabric due to colour.
DRAIN MARKS : Change in shade (Looks Yellowed or Brown or Lighter) on the fold of the Fabric.
END MARKS : The change in the shade on the end of the full length is called end mark.
DYEING ABRASION : White shining due to mechanical friction on the fabric, it known as dyeing abrasion.
LISTING MARKS : Shade is the darker near selvedge than the surface of the fabric is known as listing mark.
MOIRE :When the surface of the fabric looks lighter and darker in circle form is moire.
OXIDATION MARKS : It is a type of stain observed in the vat dyed fabric.
PATCHY DYEING : When the shade of the fabric found uneven, lighter darker called patchy dyeing. Examples - Big stain due to dyestuffs, chemicals, water, etc.
STREAKINESS : If the solidity of the fabric looks poor, is called streakiness.
ROPE RUB MARK : Shining due to mechanical friction on the fabric, it known as Rope Rub Mark.
DYEING CREASES : Coloured creases on the fabric. FABRIC DAMAGED : Any type of damaged
Example - Holes, Component damage, Selvedge Damage etc.
WHITE CREASES : Shining due to mechanical friction on the fabric, it known as White creases. It is visible as a long line.
CENTRE TO SELVEDGE : Change in shade from centre to selvedge. (Shade of the fabric is not same in the centre as compared to the selvedge.)
FINISHING DEFECTS
BOWING :Weft becomes bow type or monogram of both the selvedge not in same line.
CHEMICAL PATCHES : Chemical stains observed on the fabric.
DRAIN MARKS : Colour migration.
CREASES : Any fold.
INSECT SPOTS : Insects spots on fabric.
KD YELLOW : Fabric becomes yellow after KD TMT m/c (from normal shade).
MOON MARKS : Moon type shape on the fabric selvedge or fabric selvedge is not straight.
PRESS MARKS : Weft wise marking on uniform distance.
RUB MARKS : Abrasion or rubbing mainly from rope scouring or from NIKKI Press.
STEAM BAND : Improper binding of fabric on beam of KD TMT m/c, strip near selvedge.
PROCESSING DAMAGE : Any type of damage from shearing, stenter, NIKKI Press or any machine.
SOILING MARKS : Any type of dust in fabric.
COLOUR CONTACT : Other colour spot comes on fabric.
SINGEING BAND : Improper burning of fibers from fabric surface due to fold in the fabric or problem in flame.
STAINS :Any type of stains on fabric like Oil, Grease, etc.
WATER MARKS : Water dropping mark on fabric.
WRAPPER MARKS : Wrapper impression on fabric in KD TMT m/c
END MARKS : Mark of fabric joint.
ABRASION (FSG.) : Any type of abrasion from roll or any parts of machine.
COLOUR SUBLIMATION : Colour migration due to steam.
SHEARING DAMAGE : Any type of damage from cutter of shearing.
STENTER DAMAGE : Damage due to pin or fabric entanglement from delivery side of machine.
CORINO DAMAGE : Pin damage or fabric tear due to tension.
NIKKI DAMAGE : Any particles goes in side the plate of machine may damage the fabric.
SCOURING DAMAGE : Any type of damage due to scouring rolls or any other particles inside the machine.
PILLING :Balls formation on the fabric surface.
SHRINKAGE : Elongation on any machine may cause if fabric is wetted in hot detergent solution.
ROTARY DAMAGE : Any damage due to any particles goes inside the machine.
RESIN STAIN : Spots of resin chemical on fabric.
YELLOW STAIN : Termeric, Oil, stains on fabric, looks like yellow stain.
STEAM PATCHES : Uneven steaming in KD TMT m/c & blowing.
SUCTION MARKS : Come from stenter cooling zone.
DOUBLY MARKS : Any fold creates doubly mark on machine.
GUN MARKS : Ring or impression of gun when we use during removing of stains.
WRONG PINNING : Improper pinning on selvedge of fabric.
DUST MARKS : Any type of fiber deposit on fabric.
FIBROUS / BEADS : Improper burning of fibers on fabric.
SHORT WIDTH : Fabric, which is short in width.
In manufacturing, a measure of excellence or a state of being free from defects, deficiencies, and significant variations, brought about by the strict and consistent adherence to measurable and verifiable standards to achieve uniformity of output that satisfies specific customer or user requirements. ISO 8402-1986 standard defines quality as "the totality offeatures and characteristics of a product or service that bears its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs."
SPINNING DEFECTS
BULLETS :Zero twisted or low twisted Double Yarn.
BOTTOMS :Yarn left over on the surface of the cop or cheeseafter winding.
CORK SCREW : One yarn is straight and other one is twisted on it.
COUNT VARIATION : There is difference in count compared to requiredcount.
3/4 FOLD YARN : Yarn containing 3 or 4 fold yarn.
GRIANDRILLE BAR : Use of wrong component in double yarn.
NEPS :Pinhead structure like fibre mass.
SLUBS :Abnormal thick places over a short length.
SPUN IN LINT : Accumulated fly twisted with the yarn.
THICK END : Diameter is more than the normal yarn.
THICK PICK : Diameter is more than the normal yarn.
TWIST VARIATION : Less Twist or more than normal twist.
YARN MIXING : Mix up of different colour, count; twist direction,blend and shade.
KNOTS :Joint of broken thread.
OILY YARN : Oil stained yarn.
BAD SPLICING : Improper knot less joint.
WEAVING DEFECTS
BROKEN END : Broken warp end, after warp breaks loom doesn't stop immediately it runs 2 to 3 Picks or some time more than this without warp end.
BROKEN PICK : Weft way gap in fabric 5'' to 6'' long at Both side end of the fabric .
DOBBY MISTAKE : Defects like shaft hold, design cut, wrong colour selection that is related to dobby, called dobby mistake.
DEFECTIVE SELVEDGE : Tails out, Warp selvedge, Loops, Uneven, Under tuck in, Over tuck in, defect in monogram, curly selvedge are classified as defective selvedge.
EMERY CUTS : Fabric cuts (Holes) due to emery.
FLOATS :Floats are two types. Warp & Weft float. Length of the warp or weft, which is not woven as per the fabric design, floats on the fabric 2 to 3 pick long at face or back.
LOOSE END : Because of less tension on particular warp end, which will be classified as loose end.
LOOSE PICK : Less weft tension causes loose pick. The effect like stitches or weft loops observed on fabric.
LET OFF BAR : Irregular pick density in fabric but not at equal interval.
REED MARK : Warp way gap on the fabric, which is caused due to reed (Mostly occurs due to damaged reed).
SHAFT HOLD : Wrong lifting of healed shafts, or healed shafts are not lifted as per fabric design shafts are operated by dobby.
STARTING MARK : Uneven pick density observed on fabric when machine starts after attending warp breaks or weft breaks or any other reason called starting mark.
SECTION MARKS : Section wise mark on fabric due to overlapping of sections during warping.
TIGHT END : High tension on particular warp end compared to other warp end.
TEMPLE MARK : Mark on fabric, which is caused due to jamming of temple rings Or ring spikes are blunt.
WRONG DRAWING : Wrong drawing of warp end, which is not as per healding sheet or draft.
WRONG DENTING : Denting order is given on draft or on piece ticket. If we miss that order while drawing or denting the ends through reed i.e. called wrong denting.
WRONG END : 'S' 'Z' - In warp and weft pattern 'S' twisted & 'Z' twisted ends are there. If we warp 'Z' twisted yarn in place of 'S' twisted yarn it is called wrong end 'S' 'Z'.
WRONG END COLOUR : In warp & weft different shades are used and its sequence is given on piece ticket, if we miss that sequence then fault like wrong end colour will occur.
SLOUGH OFF : Bunches of weft woven on fabric called slough off, mostly cause due to soft weft packages.
LOOM STAIN : Greasy or oily or black dark stain that is observed in grey perch.
PATTERN MISTAKE : In some qualities warp pattern is printed on piece ticket and warping is carried out as per pattern. If warper makes mistake while creeling then fabric will be woven with wrong pattern called pattern mistake.
WRONG STARTING POINT : In dobby design, lifting order is given while making dobby card. Instead of 1st pick we start to punch from 2nd pick then fabric produced will be called wrong starting point.
LOOM DAMAGE : While weaving fabric torn due to some reasons called loom damage.
WAX STREAKS : Waxing is done during beaming to reduce hairiness & warp breakage. Because of excess waxing warp way & weft way, wax bands observed on fabric called wax streaks.
FILAMENTATION : In few qualities filament warp and weft used. While weaving due to abrasion, filaments of warp yarn gets open as it appears on fabric called Filamentation.
FLOATING END : Single end continuously floating on the fabric.
MISSING PICK : After weft break, if weaver starts the machine without reversing the machine by one pick, defect observed as missing pick.
MISSING END : One warp end is missing in the fabric.
WRONG NAME SELVEDGE. : There are different name wording for name selvedges required as per quality numbers. If woven fabric contains any other name rather than printed name on piece ticket called wrong name selvedge.
BROAD / UNEVEN SELVEDGE.: Tail of weft comes in fabric after tuck-in and more than 15 mm tuck in width called broad Selvedge and some places width of the selvedge varies called uneven selvedge.
FLOATING SELVEDGE : Monogram Viscose end in name selvedge floats instead of binding called Floating selvedge.
BAD TUCK-IN : Tail of weft protrudes on face or back of the selvedge called Bad tuck-in.
DYEING DEFECTS
COLOUR STAIN : Type of a stain occurring on the fabric due to colour.
DRAIN MARKS : Change in shade (Looks Yellowed or Brown or Lighter) on the fold of the Fabric.
END MARKS : The change in the shade on the end of the full length is called end mark.
DYEING ABRASION : White shining due to mechanical friction on the fabric, it known as dyeing abrasion.
LISTING MARKS : Shade is the darker near selvedge than the surface of the fabric is known as listing mark.
MOIRE :When the surface of the fabric looks lighter and darker in circle form is moire.
OXIDATION MARKS : It is a type of stain observed in the vat dyed fabric.
PATCHY DYEING : When the shade of the fabric found uneven, lighter darker called patchy dyeing. Examples - Big stain due to dyestuffs, chemicals, water, etc.
STREAKINESS : If the solidity of the fabric looks poor, is called streakiness.
ROPE RUB MARK : Shining due to mechanical friction on the fabric, it known as Rope Rub Mark.
DYEING CREASES : Coloured creases on the fabric. FABRIC DAMAGED : Any type of damaged
Example - Holes, Component damage, Selvedge Damage etc.
WHITE CREASES : Shining due to mechanical friction on the fabric, it known as White creases. It is visible as a long line.
CENTRE TO SELVEDGE : Change in shade from centre to selvedge. (Shade of the fabric is not same in the centre as compared to the selvedge.)
FINISHING DEFECTS
BOWING :Weft becomes bow type or monogram of both the selvedge not in same line.
CHEMICAL PATCHES : Chemical stains observed on the fabric.
DRAIN MARKS : Colour migration.
CREASES : Any fold.
INSECT SPOTS : Insects spots on fabric.
KD YELLOW : Fabric becomes yellow after KD TMT m/c (from normal shade).
MOON MARKS : Moon type shape on the fabric selvedge or fabric selvedge is not straight.
PRESS MARKS : Weft wise marking on uniform distance.
RUB MARKS : Abrasion or rubbing mainly from rope scouring or from NIKKI Press.
STEAM BAND : Improper binding of fabric on beam of KD TMT m/c, strip near selvedge.
PROCESSING DAMAGE : Any type of damage from shearing, stenter, NIKKI Press or any machine.
SOILING MARKS : Any type of dust in fabric.
COLOUR CONTACT : Other colour spot comes on fabric.
SINGEING BAND : Improper burning of fibers from fabric surface due to fold in the fabric or problem in flame.
STAINS :Any type of stains on fabric like Oil, Grease, etc.
WATER MARKS : Water dropping mark on fabric.
WRAPPER MARKS : Wrapper impression on fabric in KD TMT m/c
END MARKS : Mark of fabric joint.
ABRASION (FSG.) : Any type of abrasion from roll or any parts of machine.
COLOUR SUBLIMATION : Colour migration due to steam.
SHEARING DAMAGE : Any type of damage from cutter of shearing.
STENTER DAMAGE : Damage due to pin or fabric entanglement from delivery side of machine.
CORINO DAMAGE : Pin damage or fabric tear due to tension.
NIKKI DAMAGE : Any particles goes in side the plate of machine may damage the fabric.
SCOURING DAMAGE : Any type of damage due to scouring rolls or any other particles inside the machine.
PILLING :Balls formation on the fabric surface.
SHRINKAGE : Elongation on any machine may cause if fabric is wetted in hot detergent solution.
ROTARY DAMAGE : Any damage due to any particles goes inside the machine.
RESIN STAIN : Spots of resin chemical on fabric.
YELLOW STAIN : Termeric, Oil, stains on fabric, looks like yellow stain.
STEAM PATCHES : Uneven steaming in KD TMT m/c & blowing.
SUCTION MARKS : Come from stenter cooling zone.
DOUBLY MARKS : Any fold creates doubly mark on machine.
GUN MARKS : Ring or impression of gun when we use during removing of stains.
WRONG PINNING : Improper pinning on selvedge of fabric.
DUST MARKS : Any type of fiber deposit on fabric.
FIBROUS / BEADS : Improper burning of fibers on fabric.
SHORT WIDTH : Fabric, which is short in width.
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